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Ford Expedition Deadly in Rollover Accidents

Like many other SUVs, the Ford Expedition has proven to be defectively designed and extremely deadly when involved in a rollover accident.

Although designed to be driven off road, the Expedition is not equipped with sufficient roof support, adequate door latches, or laminated glass, that could mean the difference between life and death in a rollover accident. Engineers and safety experts have actively suggested fundamental changes to the Expedition to increase its rollover resistance, however Ford Motor Co. continues to choose less expensive and less effective remedies as permanent solutions to a life threatening issue.

Rollovers accounted for over 10,000 fatalities in the United States in 2004. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), rollover accidents are more likely to result in fatalities than other types of accidents. In 2004, about 2.7 percent of occupants involved in rollover accidents were fatally injured. That same year, only 0.2 percent of occupants involved in accidents that did not involve rollovers were fatally injured. This means 33 percent of all passenger vehicle occupant fatalities in 2004, occurred in accidents that involved a rollover.

Due to its high center of gravity, the Ford Expedition is disproportionately prone to rollovers when compared to other passenger vehicles. If a vehicle has a higher center of gravity and is quickly redirected (as when a vehicle driver tries to avoid a sudden obstruction) the vehicle can topple and rollover. The Expedition holds excessive weight at a higher level than other passenger vehicles leading to handling and stability defects. Because the Expedition is top-heavy, it is prone to heavy oversteering by drivers, making a rollover accident likely.

One of the biggest dangers to Ford Expedition occupants in the event of a rollover accident is roof intrusion. Roof intrusion or "roof crush" refers to a situation when the roof of a vehicle does not maintain its shape during a rollover and is crushed or collapses, seriously injuring vehicle occupants. The extreme weight of the Ford Expedition in combination with a weak roof design makes the SUV prone to severe roof intrusion during a rollover accident.

In the event of a rollover, the roof pillars, front roof header, and side roof rails of the Ford Expedition often collapse and invade the occupant safety zone. When this happens, the roof of the Expedition is usually forced down onto the top of occupants' heads often causing brain contusions. Furthermore, the forces are often transferred to the spine causing a fracture to the cervical neck. This type of spinal cord injury usually results in paraplegia, quadriplegia or death. According to the Crash Injury Research & Engineering Network (CIREN), the roof of a passenger vehicle is the source of over half (56 percent) of all head injuries and one-third (33 percent) of all spinal cord injuries in rollover accidents.

Problems with the design of some vehicle doors have been brought under great scrutiny in recent years. Shouldn't vehicle doors be manufactured in a way that is strong enough to withstand the impact of a real accident? Absolutely! Vehicle doors are considered a key element of the overall structural strength and protection that an automobile should, and is required by law, provide to its occupants. Unfortunately, many vehicles are equipped with doors that are not strong enough to bear the pressure endured during a rollover accident.

In the event of a rollover accident, the strength of the torsion spring that is designed to hold the door latches or door locks shut may not be strong enough to perform as intended. The torsion spring controls the amount of force required to release the safety grip of the vehicle handle and open the door. The safety grip is created by the outward pressure of the torsion spring against the latch claw mechanism. Its primary purpose is to hold the vehicle door in its closed position. The door latch or door lock problem occurs when the torsion spring is too weak to maintain the safety grip under extended amounts of pressure - such as the pressure that is endured during a rollover accident- and allows the vehicle door to open exposing the occupants to much greater levels of injury.

The Ford Expedition is equipped with defective door latches. During a rollover accident the excessive weight of the Expedition increases the pressures and forces applied to the side doors of the vehicle. The door latches of the Expedition are too weak to hold the doors shut during the rollover, creating an opportunity for occupant ejection or partial ejection from the vehicle. In the event of a rollover accident, the door latch fails allowing the door to open during the event and exposes the occupant to deadly objects and impacts outside the safety of the vehicle.

On May 23, 2004, a 10-year-old boy from Texas endured fatal injuries when he was partially ejected from a Ford Expedition in a rollover accident. The boy's name was Matthew Morroquin. Matthew was seated in the driver's side third row seat when the Expedition was hit by another vehicle. The Expedition was struck in the rear quarter on the passenger side causing it to rollover one and one-quarter times. All of the occupants in the Expedition, including 10-year-old Matthew, were properly restrained by seatbelts at the time of the accident. During the accident, the rear window glass shattered leaving Matthew unprotected from ejection out of the vehicle window. The 10-year-old boy was partially ejected through the unprotected window opening causing his head to be crushed between the vehicle and the ground. The boys fatal injuries may have been avoided had the Expedition been equipped with stronger side window glass.

Laminated or glazed glass has been in use for about 60 years. This industrial strength glass is like a glass-plastic-glass sandwich. An acoustic-grade interlayer, composed of three layers of acoustic polyvinyl butyral (PVB), is laminated between two sheets of glass creating a stronger, more flexible, and lighter product. Laminated glass provides over 10 times the intrusion resistance of the traditional tempered glass and is about 4 pounds lighter than non-laminated glass.

Studies show that vehicle occupants are five times as likely to endure fatal injuries when ejection is a factor in an automobile accident. If the Ford Expedition in the May 23, 2004 rollover accident were equipped with laminated side glass, 10-year-old Matthew Morroquin would probably be alive today. Although it is widely used in other vehicle models in the United States, laminated or glazed side glass in not used in any of the Expedition models. The use of laminated side glass would help prevent occupant ejection and multitudes of injuries and deaths that result from vehicle ejection.

Automotive engineers have long agreed that injuries are reduced dramatically if the occupants are secured within the safety zone of a rolling vehicle without severe intrusion. The technology to ensure this level of safety has been available for years. However, little action has been taken to implement the necessary changes.

On July 6, 1968, Mr. J.R. Weaver, a safety engineer for Ford, submitted an internal memo titled "Roof Strength Study" to Ford Motor Co. In the memo, Weaver stated that "people are injured by roof collapse" and he suggests that some rollover accidents are so severe that the basic roof design would have to be altered to withstand the impact. Don Huelke, another noted engineer, stated that the amount of roof intrusion is directly attributed to the severity of non-ejected occupant injuries.

In the spring of 2000, Ford engineers recommended that the company launch a recall campaign to fix defective door handles for over 4 million Ford vehicles, including Expedition models years 1997-2000. Ford engineers advised that the design and manufacture of stronger springs and the installation of a counterweight was necessary to keep the Expedition doors shut. The cost would have been 99 cents per door. Unfortunately for consumers, Ford's investigation found that such a recall would cost about $527 million to fix all the defective door handles and decided to disregard the safety advice of their engineers.

With approximately 300,000 rollover accidents and over 10,000 rollover fatalities occurring every year in the United States, rollover accidents are possibly the most significant safety issues concerning passenger vehicle occupants. The Ford Expedition is a major contributor to the number of vehicle rollover deaths. Due to its defective design, the Expedition can be very unstable and therefore prone to rollover accidents. Research suggests that stronger roofs, stronger door latches, and stronger window glass would tremendously improve the safety of Expedition occupants.

Most auto manufacturers consciously refuse to take the corrective action necessary to save hundreds of vehicle occupant lives, preferring instead to make a cheaper product and increase their profit margins. Our federal regulatory agencies do not have the guts to mandate improved safety standards. Consumers are therefore left to better investigate what they are buying and sue for redress when they have been duped.

About the Author

John Bisnar is a partner at Newport Beach Personal Injury Law Firm Bisnar Chase. The Bisnar Chase law firm has dedicated their practice to victims of serious injuries due to defective products, negligence and malpractice.

Visit http://www.bestattorney.com or call 888-265-0161

City Market Chichester - England and its history

Chichester history is closely linked to the history of invasion Roman 43ad and dates back almost two thousand years. The time of the Romans the first to recognize its strategic importance and built the fort and now home to a prosperous town Shopping Centre.

In 43 AD the Romans invaded Britain around 44 AD and built a fort on the site of Chichester. It has been a source of water (the river Lavant) and close to a port where supplies could be brought by boat from France. Soon the Roman army.

King of the local Celtic tribe, Cogidnubus, cooperated with the Romans, rather than resist them. The Romans left as a puppet king of Sussex. After the Romans had left the fortress Codignubus decided to take charge and do in a city. The Romans called Noviomagus Chichester, which means new markets.

Chichester Roman has been built on a grid. The main streets are a cross, which remains today as North, South, East and West streets. In the center of the city was the forum a market full of shops and public buildings. People in the Roman Chichester used cesspools and water from wells, but the streets were drains for water rain.

In the late second century a moat was dug around the Roman walls and earth Chichester increased by a palisade wood on top. At the beginning of the stone walls were built in the third century. In the fourth century, have been strengthened by bastions, semi-circular towers. A spring, a giant arch form can be mounted at a time.

About 80 AD a Roman amphitheater was built near Chichester. He would have had wooden bleachers for 800 people. On special occasions gladiators fought to the death, but most often pleasure was cockfighting and bear bait. (The animal was immobilized and the dogs were trained to attack).

Another hobby was going to public baths, which stood near Chapel Street. In Roman times, go to the bathroom was not only clean, but it was also way of socializing, the Roman equivalent of going to the pub. In Roman Chichester was also a temple of Neptune and Minerva at the intersection of North Street and Lion Street.

In people Chichester Rome rich lived in houses with glass windows, mosaics, murals on the walls and even a form of central heating called a hypocaust. Of course, most people were very poor and had none of things.

In Rome, Chichester had carpenters, blacksmiths, bronze smiths, potters and leather workers. There were also people who made combs and boxes of bones. In the fourth century, Chichester fell with the rest of Roman Britain. The last Roman soldiers left Britain in 407 AD.

In the late fifth or beginning of the century, the Saxons arrived. Chichester is the name of a Saxon called Cissa. The Saxons called any group of Roman buildings CEAST. Questioned Cissa CEAST this city. Cisscester finally changed Chichester.

Nothing is known of what happened in the ninth century until Chichester evening. At that time, Alfred the Great created a network of fortresses throughout his kingdom, where men could meet, when the Danes attacked. It is often used in ancient Roman towns or strengths. Chichester became a borough.

The strategy worked. In 894, the Danes landed West Sussex, but the men of Chichester and its environs went to meet them. They beat the Danes, killing several hundred men and capturing several ships. This was the best moment Chichester.

However, the villa Chichester was not only a fortress. It has also been a flourishing city a weekly market. In the 10th century there was a mint in Chichester now must have been an important community.

At the time of conquest Chichester Norman probably had a population of less than 1,500 people. It seems too small for us, but remember most people lived in small villages of 100-150 people. Any agreement with more than 1,000 inhabitants is a fair sized city. Century 13 Chichester had grown up, probably about 2,500 people. Still very young with the standards, but It was a lively place, especially on the market.

The southeastern part belonged to the Archbishop of Chichester Chichester belonged to Archbishop of Canterbury. This area is called the Palantine. The Palatine word means "the palace" because this region belonged to the "palace" the archbishop. Over time the name has been damaged Pallant.

The Normans built a castle promote and Bailey, Chichester, what is now Priory Park. It was a wooden fortress on an artificial hill (a lump) surrounded by a moat and wall with a wooden palisade (a Bailey). Later, the castle may have been rebuilt in stone.

In 1216, there was civil war and called on some barons French prince to come and be king of England. The French soldiers occupied the castle. The French prince was finally convinced to go home and the castle was demolished.

In 1075 the local bishop has decided his bishopric of Selsey, Chichester, change history forever. Chichester Cathedral was built after 1091 and was consecrated in 1108. Unfortunately, this building was severely damaged by fire in 1114 and was rebuilt. Another fire destroyed the cathedral in 1187 and had to be re-reconstructed. Chichester Cathedral had the origin of a steeple, but in the early 15th century it was transferred to a separate bell tower a call. The Cathedral received a replacement of the needle.

There were weekly markets in Chichester, but in 1108 the bishop was given the right to hold a fair. (A fair was like a market, but is held annually and attracts buyers and sellers across the South of England). The fair has been held for eight days each October. It was called the unique spectacle of the apple tree that grew in the area of Northgate.

In 1125, Stephen King gave his first letter Chichester (a document attesting to their rights and privileges). In medieval merchants were organized into guilds called the agencies seem to have interests. In Chichester Property merchant guild vaults where perishable goods could be stored in a cool place. These vaults still exist.

In the 13th century, it is said that the wool was exported Chichester (Dell Dock.) At the time that the wool is by far the largest export of England. The king has tried to control the trade, only allowing certain ports for the export of wool. These ports are called clips. In 1353, Chichester became a base port. It may seem surprising, but now Chichester in the Middle Ages was one of the largest ports of England. Chichester Harbour was deeper than it is today. (He has since silted up). Until 1800 ocean vessels could sail to Dell Quay.

There were many workers in fabric Chichester. After weaving the wool has been cleaned and thickened. This pounded in a mixture of water and mud. The wool was beaten by wooden hammers manufactured by watermills. This was called Fuller. Water mills were called to tread. There were several in the Chichester Lavant. There were also weavers and dyers of the city.

There was also an industry of manufacture of the needle in Chichester in the Middle Ages. There were also craftsmen found in any city. These included brewers, bakers and butchers. S Crooked Lane, once known as The Shambles, and was filled with slaughterhouses. It seems very unhygienic. Butchers offal thrown into the street.

Other craftsmen, Chichester, including blacksmiths, carpenters, coopers, wheelwrights, shoemakers and other workers who made saddles and leather gloves. There was also a tanning industry in Chichester. Cortex tree has been soaked in fresh water to extract tannin for tanning leather.

In the Middle Ages, was the only saint Chichester. Richard was the Bishop of Chichester, 1245-1253. Today is the holy Sussex skipper.

In the 13th century, the brothers arrived in England. The friars were like monks but instead of withdrawing from the world went to preach and help the poor. In Chichester there were Dominicans (known as black friars because the color of their shirts). They lived in the south-east city where the church of St. John is now days. They owned the land around the monastery of the city wall where Baffins Road and Convent Street today.

In 1230 the Franciscan friars (known as Grey Friars) lived in buildings in St Martins Square. In 1269 they moved the location of the castle. The site of St Martins Square was taken by the hospital St. Marys. The facility, already present in southern street. (In the Middle Ages, hospitals are occupied by the monks who cared for their patients better). There was also a leper colony outside the Eastgate. Spitalfields Road is the name of certain areas of your property. (It was originally Hospitalfield Lane). In 1497, the school was founded Prebendal (Even if attached to the cathedral school was probably much earlier).

In 1501, the Bishop of Chichester market cross built flat. If you want to sell products on the market must pay a toll. There were poor peasants who had only a few eggs and some vegetables for sale. The bishop said that everyone could sell things on the market and not paying a toll, if he could not stand standing on the cross.

In 1538 Hentu VIII closed the brothers, Chichester and sold their property. A house was built on the site of the convent in the eastern Black Street and the surrounding land became their garden. The convent was demolished gray, but survived his church and in 1541 was sold to the company and became the Town Hall.

Chichester during the 16th century lost its importance. The wool trade has declined. The main exports wheat and malt became. Malta is used in the preparation. It is made from barley. The barley was soaked in water, then hung up to dry and then baked. Malta was Chichester "Exported" along the coast to other parts of England. Other industries have been in Chichester brewing and tanning.

There is a story that the Queen Isabel visited Chichester said she, "is a bit of London and the streets of the city was called since then. It is not true, as indicated in the maps of London Little 15th century. Then it got its name because the merchants of London lived and worked there.

In 1578, the streets were paved in Chichester, the first both by an Act of Parliament.

In 1588, the city of Chichester to a small ship called John to fight against the Spanish Armada.

Also in 1588 two Catholic priests were tried for treason in Chichester. (The priests were regarded as foreign agents.) Crockett and James Ralph Edward suspended in a fenced area west of the city.

In 1625, a brewery named William Cawley built homes for the 12 'rotten' (Poor) traders.

In 1642 came civil war between king and parliament. In that Chichester is a town of about 3,000 people and their loyalties have been divided. The bishop and most members of the clergy supported the King while the majority of merchants supported by Parliament. In Initially, it was not clear in which direction would Chichester. Then, local landowners, the nobility, decided the issue. Force 600 men, cavalry and infantry entered 200400 Chichester and if it is for the king. There was no resistance.

However, Parliament promptly sent an army to besiege the city. They fired the guns Northwest. Finally, he drew from the East. At that time there was a small suburb outside Eastgate, around the church of St. Pancras, where people take the needles. (This is why the road is called Needlemakers today). The defenders of all houses in the suburbs on fire, but the soldiers set up a cannon in a parliamentary church tower and fired on the wall. Chichester recovered and remained in the hands of parliamentarians for the rest of the war.

Most houses in the 17th century Chichester were made of wood with thatched roofs. But gradually replaced the roofs. In 1687, an ordinance prohibits thatched roofs, because of the risk of fire. In the people of the 17th century, Chichester began to build brick houses. Westgate House was built in the 1690s. (It is sometimes wrongly called Wren House. In fact, Wren did not build it).

In the 18th century the population of Chichester was about 4,000. He began to climb toward end of the period, but much less than 5,000 at the time the first census in 1801.

Chichester in the 18th century has been reduced to be a quiet market town. In 1724, Daniel Defoe wrote that Chichester was "not a place of business is much, and it is not very attended. This quiet city is largely rebuilt during this century. Many houses have been rebuilt in brick. The bricks were made local clay. brick-making became an important local industry.

Among the houses built at that time, Dodo House, built in the Pallant for Henry Peckham, a wine merchant in 1712. It gets its name because he wanted Peckham columns carved ostrich (ostrich appear on your coat). But the person who made them had probably never seen an ostrich and is said more like The Dodos.

In 1731, the Council Chamber was built in the north of the street. Because he has a lion on the roof a nearby street was known as Leon Street. The former City Hall later became a Magistrate's Court.

To facilitate movement in Chichester West, North and South were demolished in 1773. Eastgate was demolished 1783. Travel to and from Chichester has been made easier when roads were built the toll road. Had to pay to use, but the local education authorities have been successful and have improved on the tracks of land. A royal road to London was opened in 1748 and the other Portsmouth opened its doors in 1762.

Chichester there were some improvements during this period. In 1726, four clocks have been added cross. Chichester won his first theater in 1764. Opened in a former warehouse on the street theater. In 1791, a theater was built as such set up there. In 1779, Chichester completed his first bank. Then, in 1791, an Act of Parliament to create a body of men called Commissioners paving. They had the power to open and clean the streets and eliminate the "noise" such as hanging signs windows blocked alleys.

Chichester was a city of artisans working in their own workshops, with an intern. There were carpenters, masons and glaziers, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, coopers, saddlers, tailors and shoemakers. There were also bakers, brewers and merchants and traders and officials tubes of mud. On the other hand, the old garment industry, which has completely disappeared before the end of the century.

In 1750, a grocer appointed Mr. Shippam opened a store in West Street. The cheese and meat sold to the Navy in the vicinity of Portsmouth. In 1782 opened a shop in East Street.

In 1784 a new charity was established in Chichester. A clinic for poor patients in open road Broyles. The poor have received drugs Free.

In the early years of the century, during the Napoleonic wars, a barracks was built in Chichester. In spite of Chichester was a small town that has grown in size in the 19th century, simply because the population of Great Britain has quadrupled. In the early 19th century was Somerstown built outside the walls. More construction is conducted in the southeastern corner of the city. There was still a house with garden in 1809 when the land was sold for building. The new zone is opened Newtown (now is the name of a single street). Church St. John's opened its doors in 1813.

In the early 19th century the market becomes very congested Chichester. The West Market Street was full of cattle for sale. There were also people who sell food. To relieve congestion, it was decided to erect a building where they could sell things like butter, cheese and vegetables separate from the livestock market. In 1808, the Buttermarket was built for this purpose. At the same time, fences were built around the market cross. However to have a market in East Street was heavy congestion in the town and blocked traffic. Therefore, in 1871, a cattle market outside the opening of a new Eastgate.

In 1833, the corn market has been built. A late 19th century the first part of this building was used as a theater and early 20th century as a cinema. Chichester gained gas light in the 1820s. Then in 1826, the clinic for poor patients became Chichester Nursing (precursor to the Hospital San Ricardo). Graylingwell Hospital opened its doors in 1897.

Chichester got his first police department in 1836. The first police station was by the Eastgate. Initially, the city police has been separated from West Sussex, but joined in 1889. This year the police station moved to Southgate.

In Chichester drunk in stocks. The last person to suffer this punishment has been sentenced to two hours in 1852.

In 1875, Chichester has been a source of running water. However, it was later than most other cities in the construction of drains and sewers. Chichester had a reputation in the late 19th century as being unhealthy and unsafe place. Most people in the town used cesspits. Some cubes used, which flows the Lavant. However, many people were reluctant to Chichester to establish a network of drainage and sanitation because of the costs. They were eventually built in 1893-96. The region has been more Chichester St Pancras. It was the poorest region and filled with poverty and overcrowding.

In 1846, Chichester was connected by railway in Brighton in 1847 and has been linked with Portsmouth. In 1881 a branch opened in Midhurst. Then, in 1897, light rail opened in Selsey. There was also Portsmouth Arundel Canal, completed in 1855. However, the channel has not been a success and the last section, Birdham Chichester, closed in 1906.

In 1850, Bishop Otter Normal School opened.

In 1861, the spire of Chichester Cathedral collapsed during a storm and had to be rebuilt.

In 1892, he opened a mill meat Shippams Eastgate.

At the beginning of month 20th century the population of Chichester had reached 9,000. It rose to about 12,000 at the time of the First World War in part because Summersdale was constructed north of the city. In 1939, the population of Chichester has grown to about 16,000.

In 1909 Chichester gained flashlight. In 1910, Chichester earned his first cinema in West Street.

Chichester High School for Boys opened its doors in 1908. Girls High School opened its doors in 1910.

In 1913, nursing became the Royal Sussex Hospital. It moved to its present location in 1937.

Priory Park in 1918, he was still private land was given to Council for public use. In the 1920s the first public housing built in Chichester. In 1939 481 of they were built. A new police station Kingsham was built in 1937. That same year, Chichester by-pass open.

During the Second World War there were three bombings of Chichester. The bombs were dropped on the path of the basin in 1941 in nearby Chapel Street and St Martins in 1943 and Arndale and Greenways in 1944. In addition, in May 1944 after being severely damaged by enemy fire in France was an American bomber crashed into the site of a Roman amphitheater. (The pilot and the crew managed to save time, but could not do nothing to prevent the crash).

After 1946, the estate was built Whyke and early 1950, the property was built Parklands.

In 1957, Chichester is twinned with Chartres. A new bypass was built in 1958-1966.

In early 1960, the area known as Somerstown was demolished and rebuilt, as many of its houses were of poor quality. However, it was controversial because Somerstown was an autonomous community with its own stores. The reconstruction has been broken this community.

In 1962 Chichester peacheries closed and houses were built on the site. Houses were also built north of the road Bognor. In 1971, Chichester's population had reached 21,000.

Chichester Festival Theatre opened in 1962. In 1963, Chichester Museum opened its doors in a former grain warehouse.

In 1961, a new station was built in 1965 and a new bus station. In 1964, a training center for military police opened on the site of a former barracks. In 1967, a new library open. The same year, a pool, open outside Eastgate.

In the 1980s shopping centers were built in Chichester, Northgate Alsmhouse Arcade and Arcade. Westgate Leisure Centre opened its doors in 1987. In 1989, a registry of new cases opened in Chichester. Chichester Cattle Market closed in 1990. A new Tourist Information Centre opened its doors in 1993.

Chichester is now a booming city and continues to grow. Chichester population today is 26,000.

Please visit my Funny Animal Prints Art Collection @ Http: / / www.fabprints.com

My other site is called Directory British icons: http://fabprints.webs.com

For a list of links to my other items Blogg: http://bloggs.resourcez.com

The England Chinese call "The Island of Heroes, which I think summarizes what is English.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Copyright © 2010 Paul Hussey. All rights reserved.

About the Author

Please visit my Funny Animal Art Prints Collection @ http://www.fabprints.com

My other website is called Directory of British Icons: http://fabprints.webs.com

To visit the list and links to my other Blogg articles: http://bloggs.resourcez.com

 

The Chinese call England "The Island of Hero's" which I think sums up what we English are all about.

 

Copyright © 2010 Paul Hussey. All Rights Reserved.